<?xml
version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<rss version="2.0" 
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
>

<channel xml:lang="fr">
	<title>L'Imp'Rock Sc&#233;nette (by @_daffyduke_)</title>
	<link>https://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/</link>
	<description>Les billets personnels d'Olivier Duquesne plus connu sur la toile &#233;lectronique sous le pseudonyme de DaffyDuke ...
Je pouet de temps en temps sur Mastodon</description>
	<language>fr</language>
	<generator>SPIP - www.spip.net</generator>
	<atom:link href="http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/spip.php?id_auteur=84&amp;page=backend" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />

	<image>
		<title>L'Imp'Rock Sc&#233;nette (by @_daffyduke_)</title>
		<url>http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/local/cache-vignettes/L144xH97/siteon0-5c625.png?1719642190</url>
		<link>https://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/</link>
		<height>97</height>
		<width>144</width>
	</image>



<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>DaffyDuke starred FrancoisMB/CollabBot</title>
		<link>http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?DaffyDuke-starred-FrancoisMB-CollabBot</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?DaffyDuke-starred-FrancoisMB-CollabBot</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-30T19:44:41Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>daffyduke</dc:creator>



		<description>
&lt;p&gt;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' r... &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
DaffyDuke starred FrancoisMB/CollabBot &#183; April 30, 2026 21:44 FrancoisMB/CollabBot &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Python https://github.com/FrancoisMB/Colla... 4 Updated May 1&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?-6-Webographie-" rel="directory"&gt;6- Webographie&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' r...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class='spip_documents spip_lien_ok'&gt;
&lt;img src='http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/local/cache-vignettes/L64xH64/170905s64ampv4-b746a8f2-d16d4-41dcd.png?1758995563' width='64' height='64'
alt=&#034;PNG - 6.5&#160;kio&#034; style='max-width:100%;' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;DaffyDuke&lt;/a&gt; starred &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/FrancoisMB/CollabBot' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;FrancoisMB/CollabBot&lt;/a&gt; &#183; April 30, 2026 21:44 &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/FrancoisMB/CollabBot' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;FrancoisMB/CollabBot&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; Python &lt;a href=&#034;https://github.com/FrancoisMB/CollabBot/stargazers&#034; rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://github.com/FrancoisMB/Colla...&lt;/a&gt; 4 Updated May 1&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>DaffyDuke starred ps5-linux/ps5-linux-loader</title>
		<link>http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?DaffyDuke-starred-ps5-linux-ps5-linux-loader</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?DaffyDuke-starred-ps5-linux-ps5-linux-loader</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-30T11:00:39Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>daffyduke</dc:creator>



		<description>
&lt;p&gt;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' r... &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
DaffyDuke starred ps5-linux/ps5-linux-loader &#183; April 30, 2026 13:00 ps5-linux/ps5-linux-loader &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Linux payload implementing the HV exploit and a custom bootloader &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; C https://github.com/ps5-linux/ps5-li... 868 Updated Apr 30&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?-6-Webographie-" rel="directory"&gt;6- Webographie&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' r...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class='spip_documents spip_lien_ok'&gt;
&lt;img src='http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/local/cache-vignettes/L64xH64/170905s64ampv4-b746a8f2-d16d4-41dcd.png?1758995563' width='64' height='64'
alt=&#034;PNG - 6.5&#160;kio&#034; style='max-width:100%;' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;DaffyDuke&lt;/a&gt; starred &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/ps5-linux/ps5-linux-loader' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;ps5-linux/ps5-linux-loader&lt;/a&gt; &#183; April 30, 2026 13:00 &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/ps5-linux/ps5-linux-loader' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;ps5-linux/ps5-linux-loader&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Linux payload implementing the HV exploit and a custom bootloader&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; C &lt;a href=&#034;https://github.com/ps5-linux/ps5-linux-loader/stargazers&#034; rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://github.com/ps5-linux/ps5-li...&lt;/a&gt; 868 Updated Apr 30&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>DaffyDuke starred fluado/faru</title>
		<link>http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?DaffyDuke-starred-fluado-faru</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?DaffyDuke-starred-fluado-faru</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-29T19:30:05Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>daffyduke</dc:creator>



		<description>
&lt;p&gt;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' r... &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
DaffyDuke starred fluado/faru &#183; April 29, 2026 21:30 fluado/faru &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Git-native kanban board for AI Agents. Cards are markdown files. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; JavaScript https://github.com/fluado/faru/star... 10 Updated Apr 29&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?-6-Webographie-" rel="directory"&gt;6- Webographie&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' r...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class='spip_documents spip_lien_ok'&gt;
&lt;img src='http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/local/cache-vignettes/L64xH64/170905s64ampv4-b746a8f2-d16d4-41dcd.png?1758995563' width='64' height='64'
alt=&#034;PNG - 6.5&#160;kio&#034; style='max-width:100%;' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;DaffyDuke&lt;/a&gt; starred &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/fluado/faru' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;fluado/faru&lt;/a&gt; &#183; April 29, 2026 21:30 &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/fluado/faru' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;fluado/faru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Git-native kanban board for AI Agents. Cards are markdown files.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; JavaScript &lt;a href=&#034;https://github.com/fluado/faru/stargazers&#034; rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://github.com/fluado/faru/star...&lt;/a&gt; 10 Updated Apr 29&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>DaffyDuke starred Stijn-K/curlbash_detect</title>
		<link>http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?DaffyDuke-starred-Stijn-K-curlbash_detect</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?DaffyDuke-starred-Stijn-K-curlbash_detect</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-29T11:56:57Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>daffyduke</dc:creator>



		<description>
&lt;p&gt;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' r... &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
DaffyDuke starred Stijn-K/curlbash_detect &#183; April 29, 2026 13:56 Stijn-K/curlbash_detect &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Proof of Concept to prove that it is possible for a remote webserver to detect that the output of e.g. a curl is being piped to bash or another shell &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Python https://github.com/Stijn-K/curlbash... 11 Updated Mar 4, 2025&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?-6-Webographie-" rel="directory"&gt;6- Webographie&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' r...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class='spip_documents spip_lien_ok'&gt;
&lt;img src='http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/local/cache-vignettes/L64xH64/170905s64ampv4-b746a8f2-d16d4-41dcd.png?1758995563' width='64' height='64'
alt=&#034;PNG - 6.5&#160;kio&#034; style='max-width:100%;' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;DaffyDuke&lt;/a&gt; starred &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/Stijn-K/curlbash_detect' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Stijn-K/curlbash_detect&lt;/a&gt; &#183; April 29, 2026 13:56 &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/Stijn-K/curlbash_detect' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Stijn-K/curlbash_detect&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Proof of Concept to prove that it is possible for a remote webserver to detect that the output of e.g. a curl is being piped to bash or another shell&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; Python &lt;a href=&#034;https://github.com/Stijn-K/curlbash_detect/stargazers&#034; rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://github.com/Stijn-K/curlbash...&lt;/a&gt; 11 Updated Mar 4, 2025&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Discret 11, the French TV encryption of the 80's</title>
		<link>http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?Discret-11-the-French-TV-encryption-of-the-80-039-s</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?Discret-11-the-French-TV-encryption-of-the-80-039-s</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-29T04:42:15Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>daffyduke</dc:creator>



		<description>
&lt;p&gt;estimated reading time : 8 minDiscret 11, the French TV encryption of the 80's FABIEN SANGLARD'S WEBSITE &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
CONTACT RSS DONATE &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
June 7, 2020 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Discret 11, the French TV encryption of the 80's &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
I spent my childhood in France, playing a lot of soccer and watching way too much TV. In the 80s, there were three channels available. Two of them, Antenne 2 and FR3, were state funded and boring while TF1 was privatized and offered plenty of Japanese cartoons. My generation grew up with Captain (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?-6-Webographie-" rel="directory"&gt;6- Webographie&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;estimated reading time : 8 minDiscret 11, the French TV encryption of the 80's &lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/&#034; class=&#034;title&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FABIEN SANGLARD'S WEBSITE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;CONTACT &lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/rss.xml&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;RSS&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&#034;https://paypal.me/fabiensanglard&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;DONATE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;June 7, 2020&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Discret 11, the French TV encryption of the 80's&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class='spip_documents spip_lien_ok'&gt;
&lt;img src='http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/local/cache-vignettes/L64xH64/html-25d7d-f6481.svg?1773036898' width='64' height='64'
alt=&#034;HTML - 732&#160;octets&#034; style='max-width:100%;' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I spent my childhood in France, playing a lot of soccer and watching way too much TV. In the 80s, there were three channels available. Two of them, Antenne 2 and FR3, were state funded and boring while TF1 was privatized and offered plenty of Japanese cartoons. My generation grew up with Captain Tsubasa, Saint Seiya, Captain Harlock, and Grendizer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There was no cable and no Internet, the TV signal was broadcast over the air and every house had an antenna on its roof to capture waves full of Kame-hame-has.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Things changed in 1984 with the launch of a fourth channel. Canal Plus (Channel Plus) was to revolutionize the TV landscape with recent movies, international sports coverage, and no commercials. To fuel its ambitions, &#034;Canal&#034; was to be funded with monthly fees paid by subscribers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The technical difficulty was dead simple. How do you make sure only those who paid can watch when the signal is broadcast to everybody ? Easy, you encrypt it with something called &#034;Discret 11&#034;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The SECAM signal&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class='spip_documents spip_lien_ok'&gt;
&lt;img src='http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/local/cache-vignettes/L64xH64/svg-3f226-6e2fb.svg?1773037728' width='64' height='64'
alt=&#034;SVG - 1&#160;kio&#034; style='max-width:100%;' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt; &lt;p&gt;The French TV system did not use NTSC but SECAM which is a lot like PAL. The video part is made of a stream of frames transmitted at 25Hz. Each frame is made of 625 blocks (hence one block is allocated 64&#181;s). The audio stream is interleaved at the end of the blocks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Each blocks contain data for the TV electron gun to draw one scanline. It proceeds from top left to the bottom right of the screen. Because the gun needs to reposition itself vertically (VSYNC) and the signal needs meta-data, out of the 625 blocks only 576 result in visible lines.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The vertical resolution is fully discrete but the horizontal resolution is analogue&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret11/#footnote_1&#034; id=&#034;back_1&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret1...&lt;/a&gt; [1]. Due to horizontal reset (HSYNC), out of the 64&#181;s in a line only 52&#181;s are available resulting in a resolution of 704 points.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Something that will come handy later is to remember that not all TVs were of the highest quality. Some chipped at the image and did not display the whole 704x576. There is this concept of invisible area (&#9646;) which is never displayed, Action-safe area (&#9646;) which may be displayed, and Title-safe area (&#9646;) which is guaranteed to be displayed by all TVs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Encryption&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Discret 11 doesn't encrypt at the frame level but at the line level. Actually it does not even encrypt, it only delays a line by shifting it to the right and padding the left part with black. This is done by exploiting the analogue nature of the signal by delaying the line data and replacing it with blank. The beauty of this processes is that it can be achieved with cheap analog hardware without need for an expensive numeric system.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To decide how much to decal a line, Discret 11 uses a secret 11-bit key (hence the name). The key is used as a seed in a Linear Feedback Shift Register (the same technique used in Wolfenstein 3D during Fizzlefade&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret11/#footnote_2&#034; id=&#034;back_2&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret1...&lt;/a&gt; [2]) to generate a pseudo-random series of numbers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For each of the 576 lines, a number is obtained from the LFSR. Modulo 3 brings the value from range 0-2047 to 0-2. This tells by how much to delay (pad) a line to the right (0, 13, or 26 &#034;pixels&#034;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;That's it. It is simple but highly efficient as you can see by this example.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If lines are delayed to the right and left-padded with black then some data is lost. How can the image be perfectly reconstructed during decryption ? That is where the areas mentioned earlier are exploited. The TV signal did not use the full 576x704, it was padded with black borders to remain in the Title area. Hence what was inserted on the left was exactly what was lost on the right.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cryptimage&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret11/#footnote_3&#034; id=&#034;back_3&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret1...&lt;/a&gt; [3] developer, Mannix, kindly provided more insight on the internals of Discret 11.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; The choice of the delay (0, 902 ns and 1804 ns) depends of the LFSR value assigned to the line and the current frame inside of a sequence of 6 frames (every 6 frames the LFSR is reset to its initial seed value).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The decoder also monitors the luminance value of 2 TV lines : 310 and 622, these lines can blink to &#034;full black&#034; or &#034;full white&#034;, and it will allow the decoder to synchronize the decryption process, to select the correct level of audience (carried by TV line 622) and to initialize the seed of LFSR, the decoder uses also a 16 bits code stored in its EEPROM chip, in order to compute the correct seed value.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A 8-bit microcontroler of the Intel MCS48 family is used (Intel 8048) inside the decoder, it contains the main program.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#8212; Mannix&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Wait, line 310 would flip to all white/black for synchronization ? But that is in the middle of the screen isn't it ? No it isn't. Each frame is actually made of two fields containing all even and then all odd lines. The electron gun refreshes first the even scanlines and then the odd scanlines. This is how a refresh rate of 50Hz is achieved with a 25Hz signal. Line 310 is actually at the bottom of the screen and not visible.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What about the audio signal ?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Probably because it was much less of an issue if it was cracked, the audio signal received significantly less polish than the video. It is an occurrence of security via obscurity.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A normal SECAM signal uses FM on a 6Mhz carrier. Discret 11 modulates the signal via AM using a carrier signal of 12.8 kHz (with a low-filter to avoid aliasing&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret11/#footnote_4&#034; id=&#034;back_4&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret1...&lt;/a&gt; [4]). The idea is to separate the sound into two bands around 12.8 KHz and to transpose the high band down and the low band up.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is a fully reversible &#034;hard-wired&#034; process that requires no key, only some insight.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Decryption&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class='spip_documents spip_lien_ok'&gt;
&lt;img src='http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/local/cache-vignettes/L64xH64/html-25d7d-f6481.svg?1773036898' width='64' height='64'
alt=&#034;HTML - 732&#160;octets&#034; style='max-width:100%;' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With an encrypted SECAM signal flowing out of their towers, Canal+ engineers had to figure out an easy way to consume it on the subscribers' end.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The solution was to ship to people a device called a &#034;decodeur&#034;. Receiving as input the encrypted signal from the antenna it had a SCART&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret11/#footnote_5&#034; id=&#034;back_5&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret1...&lt;/a&gt; [5] output to be plugged into the TV set. To watch Canal+, customers did not set their TV to channel four but to SCART input.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anti-cheating system and the LEET key&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class='spip_documents spip_lien_ok'&gt;
&lt;img src='http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/local/cache-vignettes/L64xH64/html-25d7d-f6481.svg?1773036898' width='64' height='64'
alt=&#034;HTML - 732&#160;octets&#034; style='max-width:100%;' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mailed codes, courtesy of Mannix.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now comes the problem of preventing people from cheating the system. The elephant in the room is the system of &#034;secret key&#034;. It would have eventually leaked so it was rotated every month. Users had to enter the new key via a pad on the top of the &#034;decodeur&#034;. Keys rotation was decided four months in advance and sent by mail.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With an 11-bit key it would have made sense to let people enter a four-digit number. But that would have introduced two weaknesses in the scheme by allowing brute-force attacks and also let customer cancel their membership to use their friend's key.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Instead, the decision was made to provide codes that were not four-digits but eight-digits long. That number was to be fed to a chip and hashed along with the decoder serial number, hence avoiding both brute-force and key sharing attacks. And there were more advantages as outlined by Mannix.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; The eight digits entered by the user actually results in not one but six keys. That is because the system had a (never used) audience feature made of levels. That was to allow subdividing memberships into Cinema, Sports, Documentaries and so on.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The eight digits and the serial number in the EEPROM become a 16-bit key which in turns is used to generate six 11-bit keys for each levels. To identify what level a show belonged to, it was encoded in the blink of line 622.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is also a 7th audience level, used at the end of the month (for 2 of 3 days, for the transition to the next month), it is a kind of &#034;free mode&#034; where all decoders can decrypt even if the user did not pay the subscription, the 7th level audience uses always this 11 bit key : 1337.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#8212; Mannix&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Epilogue&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Despite its simplicity and efficacy, Discret 11 did not operate for long. &#034;Canal&#034; went live on November 4th, 1984. Two hours later, as the latest Belmondo movie was playing, it was discovered that 2% of TVs were incompatible with the system&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret11/#footnote_6&#034; id=&#034;back_6&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret1...&lt;/a&gt; [6]. That was 180,000 very unhappy users.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In December 1984, Radio Plans magazine almost printed the Discret 11 schematics but was legally barred from it by a court decision. The drawings still managed to leak and became widely photocopied. Eventually, under the dubious motive of allowing Belgium, Luxembourg, and Monaco citizens to access the content, &#034;Le quotidien de Paris&#034; magazine published the plans anyway&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret11/#footnote_7&#034; id=&#034;back_7&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret1...&lt;/a&gt; [7].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Piracy became rampant. Asking for &#034;TBA 970&#034; delay chips in electronic stores prompted employees to offer the full list required to build a &#034;decodeur pirate&#034;. The encryption system was updated to Nagravision encryption in 1992 and Discret 11 was retired by 1995.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These issues did not prevent the fourth channel from becoming immensely successful. It eventually launched CanalSatellite in 1996 and became a major satellite broadcaster in Europe&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret11/#footnote_8&#034; id=&#034;back_8&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret1...&lt;/a&gt; [8].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;References&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&#034;table spip&#034;&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr class='row_odd odd'&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret11/#back_1&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[1]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://superuser.com/questions/687887/does-pal-has-any-resolution#:~:text=2%20Answers&amp;text=Yes%2C%20the%20PAL%20standard%20does,to%20represent%20a%20PAL%20picture.&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Does PAL has any resolution ?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table class=&#034;table spip&#034;&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr class='row_odd odd'&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret11/#back_2&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[2]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/fizzlefade/index.php&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Fizzlefade&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table class=&#034;table spip&#034;&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr class='row_odd odd'&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret11/#back_3&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[3]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://cryptimage.vot.pl/cryptimage.php&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Cryptimage&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table class=&#034;table spip&#034;&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr class='row_odd odd'&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret11/#back_4&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[4]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://gaetan2582.free.fr/canal+.php&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;D&#233;codage du son canal+&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table class=&#034;table spip&#034;&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr class='row_odd odd'&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret11/#back_5&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[5]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCART&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;SCART&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table class=&#034;table spip&#034;&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr class='row_odd odd'&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret11/#back_6&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[6]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amazon.fr/baba-Pierre-Lescure/dp/2246769418/ref=sr_1_3?dchild=1&amp;keywords=in+the+baba&amp;qid=1591476980&amp;sr=8-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;In the Baba book by Pierre Lescure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table class=&#034;table spip&#034;&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr class='row_odd odd'&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret11/#back_7&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[7]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret11/Discret11-Radio-plans.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Discret 11 schematics by Radio plans&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table class=&#034;table spip&#034;&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr class='row_odd odd'&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://fabiensanglard.net/discret11/#back_8&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[8]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Above&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Hight Above book&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>DaffyDuke starred nrenner/brouter-web</title>
		<link>http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?DaffyDuke-starred-nrenner-brouter-web</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?DaffyDuke-starred-nrenner-brouter-web</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-28T21:08:31Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>daffyduke</dc:creator>



		<description>
&lt;p&gt;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' r... &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
DaffyDuke starred nrenner/brouter-web &#183; April 28, 2026 23:08 nrenner/brouter-web &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Web client for BRouter, a routing engine based on OpenStreetMap &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; JavaScript https://github.com/nrenner/brouter-... 454 4 issues need help Updated Apr 27&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?-6-Webographie-" rel="directory"&gt;6- Webographie&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' r...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class='spip_documents spip_lien_ok'&gt;
&lt;img src='http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/local/cache-vignettes/L64xH64/170905s64ampv4-b746a8f2-d16d4-41dcd.png?1758995563' width='64' height='64'
alt=&#034;PNG - 6.5&#160;kio&#034; style='max-width:100%;' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;DaffyDuke&lt;/a&gt; starred &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/nrenner/brouter-web' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;nrenner/brouter-web&lt;/a&gt; &#183; April 28, 2026 23:08 &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/nrenner/brouter-web' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;nrenner/brouter-web&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Web client for BRouter, a routing engine based on OpenStreetMap&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; JavaScript &lt;a href=&#034;https://github.com/nrenner/brouter-web/stargazers&#034; rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://github.com/nrenner/brouter-...&lt;/a&gt; 454 &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/nrenner/brouter-web/issues?q=label%3A%22help+wanted%22+is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;4 issues need help&lt;/a&gt; Updated Apr 27&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>DaffyDuke starred techiescamp/cka-certification-guide</title>
		<link>http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?DaffyDuke-starred-techiescamp-cka-certification-guide</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?DaffyDuke-starred-techiescamp-cka-certification-guide</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-28T19:47:44Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>daffyduke</dc:creator>



		<description>
&lt;p&gt;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' r... &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
DaffyDuke starred techiescamp/cka-certification-guide &#183; April 28, 2026 21:47 techiescamp/cka-certification-guide &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
This comprehensive CKA learning path repo equips aspiring Kubernetes administrators with all the knowledge and resources to ace the CKA exam on the&#8230; &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Shell https://github.com/techiescamp/cka-... 532 Updated Apr 20&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?-6-Webographie-" rel="directory"&gt;6- Webographie&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' r...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class='spip_documents spip_lien_ok'&gt;
&lt;img src='http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/local/cache-vignettes/L64xH64/170905s64ampv4-b746a8f2-d16d4-41dcd.png?1758995563' width='64' height='64'
alt=&#034;PNG - 6.5&#160;kio&#034; style='max-width:100%;' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;DaffyDuke&lt;/a&gt; starred &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/techiescamp/cka-certification-guide' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;techiescamp/cka-certification-guide&lt;/a&gt; &#183; April 28, 2026 21:47 &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/techiescamp/cka-certification-guide' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;techiescamp/cka-certification-guide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This comprehensive CKA learning path repo equips aspiring Kubernetes administrators with all the knowledge and resources to ace the CKA exam on the&#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; Shell &lt;a href=&#034;https://github.com/techiescamp/cka-certification-guide/stargazers&#034; rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://github.com/techiescamp/cka-...&lt;/a&gt; 532 Updated Apr 20&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>DaffyDuke starred GyulyVGC/sniffnet</title>
		<link>http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?DaffyDuke-starred-GyulyVGC-sniffnet</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?DaffyDuke-starred-GyulyVGC-sniffnet</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-28T11:07:32Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>daffyduke</dc:creator>



		<description>
&lt;p&gt;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' r... &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
DaffyDuke starred GyulyVGC/sniffnet &#183; April 28, 2026 13:07 GyulyVGC/sniffnet &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Comfortably monitor your Internet traffic &#128373;&#65039;&#8205;&#9794;&#65039; &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Rust https://github.com/GyulyVGC/sniffne... 36.7k 9 issues need help Updated Apr 28&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?-6-Webographie-" rel="directory"&gt;6- Webographie&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' r...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class='spip_documents spip_lien_ok'&gt;
&lt;img src='http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/local/cache-vignettes/L64xH64/170905s64ampv4-b746a8f2-d16d4-41dcd.png?1758995563' width='64' height='64'
alt=&#034;PNG - 6.5&#160;kio&#034; style='max-width:100%;' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;DaffyDuke&lt;/a&gt; starred &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/GyulyVGC/sniffnet' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;GyulyVGC/sniffnet&lt;/a&gt; &#183; April 28, 2026 13:07 &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/GyulyVGC/sniffnet' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;GyulyVGC/sniffnet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Comfortably monitor your Internet traffic &#128373;&#65039;&#8205;&#9794;&#65039;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; Rust &lt;a href=&#034;https://github.com/GyulyVGC/sniffnet/stargazers&#034; rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://github.com/GyulyVGC/sniffne...&lt;/a&gt; 36.7k &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/GyulyVGC/sniffnet/issues?q=label%3A%22help+wanted%22+is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;9 issues need help&lt;/a&gt; Updated Apr 28&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>DaffyDuke starred AlexsJones/llmfit</title>
		<link>http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?DaffyDuke-starred-AlexsJones-llmfit</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?DaffyDuke-starred-AlexsJones-llmfit</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-28T05:50:45Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>daffyduke</dc:creator>



		<description>
&lt;p&gt;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' r... &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
DaffyDuke starred AlexsJones/llmfit &#183; April 28, 2026 07:50 AlexsJones/llmfit &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Hundreds of models &amp; providers. One command to find what runs on your hardware. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Rust https://github.com/AlexsJones/llmfi... 24.8k Updated Apr 28&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?-6-Webographie-" rel="directory"&gt;6- Webographie&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' r...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class='spip_documents spip_lien_ok'&gt;
&lt;img src='http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/local/cache-vignettes/L64xH64/170905s64ampv4-b746a8f2-d16d4-41dcd.png?1758995563' width='64' height='64'
alt=&#034;PNG - 6.5&#160;kio&#034; style='max-width:100%;' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/DaffyDuke' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;DaffyDuke&lt;/a&gt; starred &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/AlexsJones/llmfit' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;AlexsJones/llmfit&lt;/a&gt; &#183; April 28, 2026 07:50 &lt;a href=&#034;http://github.com/AlexsJones/llmfit' rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;AlexsJones/llmfit&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hundreds of models &amp; providers. One command to find what runs on your hardware.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; Rust &lt;a href=&#034;https://github.com/AlexsJones/llmfit/stargazers&#034; rel=&#034;noreferrer&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://github.com/AlexsJones/llmfi...&lt;/a&gt; 24.8k Updated Apr 28&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Vote &#233;lectronique en AG d'assos, copros, primaires, etc. : les recommandations de la CNIL</title>
		<link>http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?Vote-electronique-en-AG-d-assos-copros-primaires-etc-les-recommandations-de-la</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?Vote-electronique-en-AG-d-assos-copros-primaires-etc-les-recommandations-de-la</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-27T19:58:33Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>daffyduke</dc:creator>



		<description>
&lt;p&gt;estimated reading time : 5 min &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La CNIL vient d'actualiser sa recommandation sur la s&#233;curit&#233; des syst&#232;mes de vote par correspondance &#233;lectronique qui datait de 2019 . Celle-ci s'accompagne d'un guide de l'ANSSI pour aider &#224; entrer un peu plus dans le technique si on veut mettre en place un tel syst&#232;me. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
En France, le vote par correspondance &#233;lectronique n'est utilis&#233; pour des &#233;lections politiques que pour celui des Fran&#231;ais r&#233;sidant &#224; l'&#233;tranger &#224; l'occasion des &#233;lections l&#233;gislatives et (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/?-6-Webographie-" rel="directory"&gt;6- Webographie&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;estimated reading time : 5 min&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La CNIL vient d'actualiser sa &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cnil.fr/fr/recommandation-vote-electronique&#034; target=&#034;_blank&#034; rel=&#034;noreferrer noopener&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;recommandation&lt;/a&gt; sur la s&#233;curit&#233; des syst&#232;mes de vote par correspondance &#233;lectronique &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cnil.fr/fr/securite-des-systemes-de-vote-par-internet-la-cnil-actualise-sa-recommandation-de-2010&#034; target=&#034;_blank&#034; rel=&#034;noreferrer noopener&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;qui datait de 2019&lt;/a&gt; . Celle-ci s'accompagne d'un &lt;a href=&#034;https://messervices.cyber.gouv.fr/guides/vote-internet-elections-non-politiques&#034; target=&#034;_blank&#034; rel=&#034;noreferrer noopener&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;guide de l'ANSSI&lt;/a&gt; pour aider &#224; entrer un peu plus dans le technique si on veut mettre en place un tel syst&#232;me.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En France, le vote par correspondance &#233;lectronique n'est utilis&#233; pour des &#233;lections politiques que pour celui des Fran&#231;ais r&#233;sidant &#224; l'&#233;tranger &#224; l'occasion des &#233;lections l&#233;gislatives et de celles des conseillers et d&#233;l&#233;gu&#233;s des Fran&#231;ais de l'&#233;tranger.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Celles-ci sont particuli&#232;res et &#171; &lt;i&gt; n&#233;cessitent des mesures de s&#233;curit&#233; compl&#233;mentaires&lt;/i&gt; &#187; que la CNIL et l'ANSSI n'abordent pas dans leurs recommandations. Mais on ne vote pas que lors des scrutins politiques nationaux.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tous les Fran&#231;ais qui sont engag&#233;s dans des organisations doivent parfois se plier &#224; cette formalit&#233;. Assembl&#233;es g&#233;n&#233;rales d'associations, d'actionnaires ou de copropri&#233;taires, &#233;lections organis&#233;es par des ordres professionnels, f&#233;d&#233;rations sportives ou universit&#233;s, il y a de multiples occasions de voter.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rappelons qu'avant les &#233;lections officielles pour la pr&#233;sidentielle de 2027, certains veulent aussi organiser des primaires. La CNIL et l'ANSSI rangent ces scrutins dans le m&#234;me sac que les &#233;lections &#171; non politiques &#187;. De plus en plus, les organisations pensent pouvoir s'appuyer sur le vote par correspondance &#233;lectronique, qui a le m&#233;rite de toucher plus de monde que celles et ceux qui viennent aux r&#233;unions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour tous ces scrutins &#171; non politiques &#187;, ces deux organismes ont d&#233;cid&#233; de mettre &#224; jour leurs recommandations. Du c&#244;t&#233; de la CNIL, l'autorit&#233; fixe dans sa recommandation [&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cnil.fr/sites/default/files/2026-04/recommandation_vote_electronique.pdf&#034; target=&#034;_blank&#034; rel=&#034;noreferrer noopener&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;PDF&lt;/a&gt; ] les objectifs de s&#233;curit&#233; minimaux &#171; &lt;i&gt; en fonction des risques que pr&#233;sentent l'organisation et le d&#233;roulement du vote&lt;/i&gt; &#187;. Alors que l'ANSSI, elle, &lt;a href=&#034;https://messervices.cyber.gouv.fr/guides/vote-internet-elections-non-politiques&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;propose&lt;/a&gt; un guide pour mettre en place techniquement le syst&#232;me afin de r&#233;pondre &#224; ces objectifs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Comme elle l'avait &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cnil.fr/fr/vote-electronique-par-correspondance-une-nouvelle-recommandation-en-2026&#034; target=&#034;_blank&#034; rel=&#034;noreferrer noopener&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;indiqu&#233;&lt;/a&gt; en fin d'ann&#233;e derni&#232;re, la CNIL confirme dans son nouveau &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cnil.fr/fr/recommandation-vote-electronique&#034; target=&#034;_blank&#034; rel=&#034;noreferrer noopener&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;communiqu&#233;&lt;/a&gt; que les scrutins d&#233;j&#224; en pr&#233;paration et pr&#233;vus en 2026, comme ceux des &#233;lections des repr&#233;sentants du personnel de la fonction publique, &#171; &lt;i&gt;pourront continuer &#224; appliquer la version de 2019 de la recommandation &lt;/i&gt; &#187;. Elle ajoute cependant qu'&#171; &lt;i&gt;en revanche, la nouvelle recommandation s'applique &#224; tout nouveau scrutin&lt;/i&gt; &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt; Des &#171; principes fondamentaux &#187; &#224; respecter &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans sa recommandation, la CNIL rappelle &#171; &lt;i&gt; des principes fondamentaux qui commandent les op&#233;rations &#233;lectorales concern&#233;es&lt;/i&gt; &#187;. En 2019, son texte listait &#171; &lt;i&gt;le secret du scrutin sauf pour les scrutins publics, le caract&#232;re personnel et libre du vote, la sinc&#233;rit&#233; des op&#233;rations &#233;lectorales, la surveillance effective du vote et le contr&#244;le a posteriori par le juge de l'&#233;lection&lt;/i&gt; &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La nouvelle recommandation ajoute &#171; &lt;i&gt;l'int&#233;grit&#233; des suffrages exprim&#233;s&lt;/i&gt; &#187; et &#171; &lt;i&gt;l'acc&#232;s au vote pour tous les &#233;lecteurs&lt;/i&gt; &#187;. Elle donne aussi des d&#233;finitions &#224; ces principes, ce qui permet d'&#233;claircir son point de vue quant &#224; leur mise en place r&#233;elle.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt; Des objectifs &#224; atteindre en fonction de trois niveaux de risques &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Comme en 2019, l'autorit&#233; s'appuie sur un syst&#232;me en trois niveaux de risque du scrutin pour &#233;valuer quels sont les objectifs de s&#233;curit&#233; qui doivent &#234;tre atteints. Mais elle les a remani&#233;s pour &#171; &lt;i&gt;mieux prendre en compte la diversit&#233; des scrutins concern&#233;s, leur contexte d'organisation et les enjeux qui leur sont propre&lt;/i&gt; &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ainsi le niveau 1 (risques faibles) concerne des &#233;lections o&#249; les sources de menaces ont &#171; &lt;i&gt;peu de ressources et peu de motivations &lt;/i&gt; &#187;, et o&#249; &#171; &lt;i&gt;l'administrateur (ou les administrateurs) du syst&#232;me d'information n'est ni votant, ni candidat&lt;/i&gt; &#187;. La CNIL cite en exemple des &#171; &lt;i&gt; &#233;lections de repr&#233;sentants de parents d'&#233;l&#232;ves dans les &#233;tablissements scolaires ou de scrutins organis&#233;s au sein d'associations locales &lt;/i&gt; &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le niveau 2 concerne des &#233;lections pour lesquelles les sources de menaces &#171; &lt;i&gt; peuvent disposer de ressources moyennes et de motivations moyennes&lt;/i&gt; &#187;. Elle consid&#232;re que &#171; &lt;i&gt; des &#233;lections de repr&#233;sentants du personnel au sein d'organismes de petite taille ou de taille moyenne&lt;/i&gt; &#187; sont un bon exemple de ce genre de cas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Enfin, le niveau 3 concerne des votes plus importants o&#249; les personnes risquant d'attaquer peuvent &#171; &lt;i&gt;disposer de ressources importantes ou de fortes motivations&lt;/i&gt; &#187;, comme dans le cadre &#171; &lt;i&gt;d'&#233;lections organis&#233;es au sein d'ordres professionnels r&#233;glement&#233;s, des primaires de partis politiques, ou d'&#233;lections de repr&#233;sentants du personnel au sein d'organisations importantes &lt;/i&gt; &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si ces niveaux semblent assez vagues, la CNIL propose dans sa recommandation un questionnaire qui permet de s'auto&#233;valuer avec un syst&#232;me de points (niveau 1 : entre 0 et 4, niveau 2 : entre 5 et 8 points et niveau 3 : plus de 8 points) :&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class='spip_documents spip_lien_ok'&gt;
&lt;img src='http://www.coincoin.fr.eu.org/local/cache-vignettes/L570xH714/image-109pngssl1-e9777f2d-6c155-a308e.png?1777327806' width='570' height='714'
alt=&#034;PNG - 45.3&#160;kio&#034; style='max-width:100%;' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La proposition de la CNIL de grille d'&#233;valuation des risques en mati&#232;re de vote &#233;lectronique&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En fonction de ce niveau, la CNIL donne une liste d'objectifs de s&#233;curit&#233; &#224; atteindre allant du minimum consistant &#224; &#171; &lt;i&gt;mettre en &#339;uvre une solution technique et organisationnelle ne pr&#233;sentant pas de faille majeure&lt;/i&gt; &#187; &#224;, par exemple pour le niveau 3, &#171; &lt;i&gt; renforcer le caract&#232;re secret du scrutin en ne manipulant jamais le secret permettant leur d&#233;pouillement sur un serveur qui serait en capacit&#233; de rapprocher l'identit&#233; des &#233;lecteurs de leur bulletin&lt;/i&gt; &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt; L'ANSSI vous guide &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans son document, l'autorit&#233; explique qu' &#171; &lt;i&gt; il revient au responsable de traitement ou &#224; son prestataire de d&#233;terminer les moyens permettant d'atteindre les objectifs de s&#233;curit&#233; &#233;nonc&#233;s, ces choix devant &#234;tre document&#233;s&lt;/i&gt; &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mais comme on vous l'a dit plus t&#244;t, l'ANSSI vous a concoct&#233; un guide. Celui-ci [&lt;a href=&#034;https://messervices.cyber.gouv.fr/documents-guides/anssi-guide-vote-internet-elections-non-politiques.pdf&#034; target=&#034;_blank&#034; rel=&#034;noreferrer noopener&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;PDF&lt;/a&gt; ] fait 150 pages et d&#233;taille, par objectif fix&#233; par la CNIL, ce qu'il faut faire. Il rajoute m&#234;me quelques recommandations compl&#233;mentaires &#171; &lt;i&gt;limitant les impacts de situations o&#249; le serveur de vote pourrait permettre le bourrage d'urne, la conservation ill&#233;gitime ou la fuite de la cl&#233; priv&#233;e de l'&#233;lection et la g&#233;n&#233;ration d'une cl&#233; priv&#233;e de l'&#233;lection favorisant un des attributaires&lt;/i&gt; &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En plus de ces objectifs de s&#233;curit&#233; &#224; atteindre, la CNIL ajoute &#224; sa recommandation des indications sur les informations &#224; fournir aux &#233;lecteurs, sur l'accessibilit&#233; du vote, la mise en place d'une expertise ind&#233;pendante pour la mise en place de la solution, le d&#233;roul&#233; du vote en lui-m&#234;me ainsi que sur la garantie d'un contr&#244;le a posteriori et la conservation des donn&#233;es.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>



</channel>

</rss>
